Википедия

Национальная церковь

Национальная церковь — это христианская церковь, связанная с определённой этнической группой или национальным государством. Идея появления подобной церкви особо обсуждалась в XIX веке, во время зарождения современного национализма.

Сэмюэл Тейлор Кольридж в своём черновике, посвящённом вопросу церкви и государства, в 1828 году, писал, что

"Национальная церковь могла существовать и существовала без [христианства], потому что до учреждения Христианской церкви - как [...] Левитской церкви в Еврейской конституции [и] друидов в кельтской, было достаточно доказательств"

Джон Вордсворт, епископ Солсберийский, писал о Национальной церкви Швеции в 1911 году, называя шведскую церковь и Англиканскую церковь как национальные церкви шведского и английского народов соответственно. Он описывает развитие пресвитерианства в Англии XVI века от статуса «благочестивого меньшинства», которое было окружено коррумпированной или враждебной массой населения, к «подлинной национальной церкви».

Концепция национальной церкви остается основной в протестантизме Англии и, в частности, Скандинавии. Хотя в обстановке Англии национальная церковь остается общим знаменателем для Англиканской церкви, некоторые из лютеранских «народных церквей» Скандинавии, охарактеризованные как национальные церкви в этническом смысле, в отличие от идеи государственной церкви, которая возникла во второй половине XIX века по инициативе Грундтвига. Однако в странах, в которых в государственную церковь (также известную как официальная церковь) веруют большинство граждан, государственная церковь также может являться Национальной церковью и может быть объявлена таковой правительством, например Церковь Дании, Церковь Греции и Церковь Исландии.

Страны и регионы, где распространена национальная церковь.

Страна Национальная церковь Вероисповедание %
image Армения Армянская апостольская церковь Православие 92.5% (2017)
image Болгария Болгарская православная церковь 59.5% (2011)
image Кипр Кипрская православная церковь 89.1% (2011)
image Дания Церковь Дании Лютеранство 74.3% (2020)
image Англия Церковь Англии Англиканство 47.0% (2008; включая Уэльс)
image Эстония Эстонская евангелическо-лютеранская церковь Лютеранство 9.91% (2011)
image Эфиопия Эфиопская православная церковь Православие 43.5% (2007)
image Фарерские о-ва Церковь Фарерских островов Лютеранство 79.7% (2019)
image Финляндия Евангелическо-лютеранская церковь Финлядии Лютеранство 69.83% (2018)
image Грузия Грузинская православная церковь 83.4% (2014)
image Германия Евангелическая церковь Германии
Католическая церковь Германии
Протестанизм

Католицизм
25.4% (2018)

27.7% (2017)
image Греция Элладская православная церковь 90% (2017)
image Исландия Церковь Исландии Лютеранство 65.15% (2019)
image Италия Католическая церковь Италии Католицизм 78% (2018)
image Латвия Евангелическо-лютеранская церковь Латвии Лютеранство 34.2% (2011)
image Лихтенштейн Католическая церковь Лихтенштейна Католицизм 75.9% (2010)
image Северная Македония Македонская православная церковь 64.4% (2011)
image Норвегия Церковь Норвегии Лютеранство 69.91% (2018)
image Румыния Румынская православная церковь 81.9% (2011)
image Россия Русская православная церковь 71% (2017)
image Шотландия Церковь Шотландии Кальвинизм 22% (2018)
image Сербия Сербская православная церковь 84.59% (2011)
image Швеция Церковь Швеции Лютеранство 60.9% (2016)
image Тувалу Кальвинизм 91%+ (2012)
image Украина Православная церковь Украины 43.9% (2019)
Западная Украина Украинская грекокатолическая церковь Греко-католицизм 30.9% (2016; только западная часть)

Этнические группы

Страна Группа Национальная церковь Номинал
Египет Копты Коптская православная церковь Александрии Православие
Сирия - Турция Арамейцы Сиро-яковитская православная церковь Древневосточные православные церкви
Ассирия Ассирийцы Ассирийская Церковь Востока Церковь Востока
Ассирия Ассирийцы Древняя Церковь Востока Церковь Востока
Ассирия Ассирийцы Халдейская католическая церковь Восточный Католицизм
Сирия Арамейцы Сирийская католическая церковь Восточный Католицизм
Ливан Марониты Маронитская католическая церковь Восточный Католицизм

Критика

Карл Барт называл еретической тенденцию «национализации» христианского Бога, особенно в контексте национальных церквей, санкционирующих войну против других христианских народов во время Первой мировой войны .

Смотрите также

  • Христианский национализм
  • Христианское государство
  • Гражданская религия
  • Епископальная конференция
  • Филетизм
  • Роль христианства в цивилизации

Примечания

Комментарии

  1. : and

Источники

  1. Samuel Taylor Coleridge. On the Constitution of the Church and State Архивная копия от 2 июля 2020 на Wayback Machine. Classic Books Company; 2001. ISBN 978-0-7426-8368-6. p. 59 Архивная копия от 2 июля 2020 на Wayback Machine.
  2. Peter Lake, , Protestantism and the national church in sixteenth century England, Taylor & Francis, 1987, ISBN, 9780709916819, ch. 8 (193ff.)
  3. Dag Thorkildsen, "Scandinavia: Lutheranism and national identity" in World Christianities, c. 1815-1914, vol. 8 of The Cambridge history of Christianity, eds. Sheridan Gilley, Brian Stanley, Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-521-81456-0, pp. 342–358.
  4. Shadid, W. A. R. Religious Freedom and the Position of Islam in Western Europe. — Peeters Publishers, 1995-01-01. — P. 11. — «Denmark has declared the Evangelical Lutheran church to be that national church (par. 4 of the Constitution), which corresponds the fact that 91.5% of the population are registered members of this church. This declaration implies that the Danish State does not take a neutral stand in religious matters. Nevertheless, freedom of religion has been incorporated in the Constitution. Nielsen (1992, 77) gives a short description of the position of the minority religious communities in comparison to that of the State Church: The Lutheran established church is a department of the state. Church affairs are government by a central government ministry, and clergy are government employees. The registration of births, deaths and marriages falls under this ministry of church affairs, and normally speaking the local Lutheran pastor is also the official registrar. The other small religious communities, viz. Roman Catholics, Methodists, Baptists and Jews, have the constitutional status of 'recognised communities of faith'. ... Contrary to the minority religious communities, the Lutheran Church is fully financed by the Danish State.». — ISBN 9789039000656.
  5. Enyedi, Zsolt. Church and State in Contemporary Europe / Zsolt Enyedi, John T.S. Madeley. — Routledge, 2004-08-02. — P. 228. — «Both as a state church and as a national church, the Orthodox Church of Greece has a lot in common with Protestant state churches, and even with Catholicism in some countries.». — ISBN 9781135761417.
  6. Encyclopedia of Protestantism. — Infobase Publishing, 2005-01-01. — P. 283. — «When Iceland obtained home rule in 1874, the new constitution, while granting religious freedom, maintained the Evangelical Lutheran Church as "a national church . . . supported by the State." This was reaffirmed in the 1944 constitution of the new independent Republic of Iceland. Democratic reforms were adopted early in the 20th century that allowed for some independent decision making in parish councils, and let congregations choose their own pastors. Under a 1998 law, the church became largely autonomous, though it is still designated established church, supported by government taxes. At the end of the 19th century, Lutherans who wanted freedom from the state church founded the Evangelical Free Church of Iceland, which now has in excess of 7,000 members. The majority of Icelanders are members of the state church. Almost all children are baptized as Lutheran and more than 90 percent are subsequently confirmed. The Church conducts 75 percent of all marriages and 99 percent of all funerals.». — ISBN 9780816069835.
  7. Ágoston, Gábor. Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire / Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters. — Infobase Publishing, 2009-01-01. — P. 53. — «The Armenian Apostolic Church, sometimes referred to as the Gregorian Armenian Church by Western scholars, serves as the national church of the Armenian people.». — ISBN 9781438110257.
  8. Hall, Richard C. The Modern Balkans: A History. — Reaktion Books, 2012-01-01. — P. 51. — «While this did not restore the Ohrid patriarchate, it did acknowledge the separation between the Orthodox church in Constantinople and the Bulgarian Orthodox church, which was now free to develop as the Bulgarian national church.». — ISBN 9781780230061.
  9. Venbrux, Eric. Changing European Death Ways / Eric Venbrux, Thomas Quartier. — LIT Verlag Münster, September 2013. — P. 178. — «Simultaneously the church tax, ministers being public servants, and the status of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark as the national church indicate that the state lends its support to the church.». — ISBN 9783643900678.
  10. Britannicus. The Church of England. — P. 17. — «Having, in my last, arrive at the great points which I wished to establish--the apostolicity, independence, and authority of the Church of England; and that she is necessarily the National Church, because Christianity is the National Religion.».
  11. Elvy, Peter. Opportunities and Limitations in Religious Broadcasting. — CTPI, 1991. — P. 23. — «Denominationally Estonia is Lutheran. During the time of national independence (1918-1940), 80% of the population belonged to the Lutheran National Church, about 17% were Orthodox Christians and the rest belonged to Free Churches.». — ISBN 9781870126151.
  12. Lorance, Cody. Ethnographic Chicago. — P. 140. — «Her findings show that the development of the national church of Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which began in the fourth century and made Christianity the state religion of Ethiopia, was also a major contributor to national development in the fields of independence, social progress, national unity and empowerment, literary development, arts, architecture, music, publication, and declaration of a national language and leadership, both spiritually and military.». — ISBN 9780615218625.
  13. Proctor, James. Faroe Islands. — Bradt Travel Guides, 2013-05-13. — P. 19. — «Religion is important to the Faroese and 84% of the population belongs to the established national church in the islands, the Evangelical—Lutheran Foroya Kirkja, which has 61 churches in the Faroes and three out of every four marriages are held in one.». — ISBN 9781841624563.
  14. Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. — Britanncia Educational Publishing, 2013-06-01. — P. 77. — «One of Finland's national churches is the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Evankelis—luterilainen—kirkko), or simply the Church of Finland.». — ISBN 9781615309955.
  15. Melton, J. Gordon. Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices / J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann. — ABC-CLIO, 2010-09-21. — P. 1195. — «The Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC) is the Eastern Orthodox Christian body that serves as the national church of the Caucasian country of Georgia. The great majority of Georgians are members of the church.». — ISBN 9781598842043.
  16. Gelder, Craig Van. The Missional Church and Denominations. — Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2008. — P. 71. — «Germany's two churches (the National Church for the Protestants and the Roman Catholic Church) were “proper”with respect to their polities.». — ISBN 9780802863584.
  17. Miller, James Edward. The United States and the Making of Modern Greece: History and Power, 1950-1974. — Univ of North Carolina Press, 2009. — P. 12. — «The creation of a national church of Greece, which the patriarch reluctantly recognized in 1850, set a pattern for other emerging Balkan states to form national churches independent of Constantinople.». — ISBN 9780807832479.
  18. Wilcox, Jonathan. Iceland / Jonathan Wilcox, Zawiah Abdul Latif. — Marshall Cavendish, 2006-09-01. — P. 85. — «The National Church of Iceland, formally called the Evangelical-Lutheran Church, is the state religion, and the president of Iceland is its supreme authority.». — ISBN 9780761420743.
  19. Being Christian in Western Europe. Pew Research Center (2018). Дата обращения: 6 января 2020. Архивировано 2 августа 2019 года.
  20. "The Roman Catholic Church is the State Church and as such enjoys the full protection of the State; other confessions shall be entitled to practise their creeds and to hold religious services to the extent consistent with morality and public order." [{{{1}}} Архивировано] 26 марта 2009 года. (archived from the original Архивная копия от 26 марта 2009 на Wayback Machine on 2009-03-26).
  21. Rae, Heather. State Identities and the Homogenisation of Peoples. — Cambridge University Press, 2002-08-15. — P. 278. — «The creation of a national Church was also central to building national identity, with the Macedonian Orthodox Church (MOC) established in 1967, much to the outrage of the Serbian Orthodox Church.». — ISBN 9780521797085.
  22. Cristofori, Rinaldo. Law and Religion in the 21st Century: Relations between States and Religious Communities / Rinaldo Cristofori, Silvio Ferrari. — Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2013-02-28. — P. 194. — «The State shall support all religious communities including the Church of Norway on an equal footing, but the Church of Norway shall 'remain the people's Church and is as such supported by the State', thereby upholding its function as a national Church.». — ISBN 9781409497332.
  23. Prizel, Ilya. National Identity and Foreign Policy: Nationalism and Leadership in Poland, Russia and Ukraine. — Cambridge University Press, 1998-08-13. — P. 155. — «Although nominally a national church, the Russian Orthodox Church developed from a defensive, nativist institution to the ideological foundation of an imperial idea.». — ISBN 9780521576970.
  24. Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe. Pew Research Center (10 мая 2017). Дата обращения: 9 сентября 2017. Архивировано 24 февраля 2018 года.
  25. There is no official census of religion in Russia, and estimates are based on surveys only. In August 2012, ARENA Архивная копия от 16 апреля 2020 на Wayback Machine determined that about 46.8% of Russians are Christians (including Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, and non-denominational), which is slightly less than an absolute 50%+ majority. However, later that year the Levada Center Архивная копия от 16 октября 2015 на Wayback Machine determined that 76% of Russians are Christians, and in June 2013 the Public Opinion Foundation Архивная копия от 15 апреля 2020 на Wayback Machine determined that 65% of Russians are Christians. These findings are in line with Pew Архивная копия от 10 мая 2020 на Wayback Machine's 2010 survey, which determined that 73.3% of Russians are Christians, with VTSIOM Архивная копия от 29 сентября 2020 на Wayback Machine's 2010 survey (~77% Christian), and with Ipsos MORI Архивная копия от 21 октября 2020 на Wayback Machine's 2011 survey (69%).
  26. Morton, Andrew R. God's Will in a Time of Crisis: A Colloquium Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Baillie Commission. — CTPI. — P. 14. — «In October 1929, the Established Church and the United Free Church were united to form the national Church of Scotland.». — ISBN 9781870126274.
  27. Tomasevich, Jozo. The Chetniks. — Stanford University Press, 1975-01-01. — P. 176. — «He also had the support of the Serbian Orthodox Church, which as a national church long identified with the national destiny and aspirations of the Serbian people was naturally inclined to identify itself with the movement that had the backing of the king and the Servian-dominated government-in-exile.». — ISBN 9780804708579.
  28. Gilley, Sheridan. The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 8, World Christianities C.1815-c.1914 / Sheridan Gilley, Brian Stanley. — Cambridge University Press. — P. 354. — «The Church of Sweden could be characterised as 'national church' or 'folk church', but not as 'state church', because the independence of the church was expressed by the establishment of a Church Assembly in 1863.». — ISBN 9780521814560.
  29. West, Barbara A. Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. — Infobase Publishing, 2009-01-01. — P. 845. — «A second important cultural feature of the Tuvaluan nation is the centrality of the national church, the Ekalesia o Tuvalu, or Church of Tuvalu, in which up to 97 percent of the population claims membership.». — ISBN 9781438119137.
  30. Velychenko, Stephen. National History as Cultural Process: A Survey of the Interpretations of Ukraine's Past in Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian Historical Writing from the Earliest Times to 1914. — Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 1992-01-01. — «For this reason the Ukrainian Orthodox Church was the true democratic national church of the Ukrainian nation.». — ISBN 9780920862759.
  31. Makari, Peter E. Conflict & Cooperation: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Egypt. — Syracuse University Press, 2007. — P. 42. — «The Coptic Orthodox Church is the historic, and national, church of Egypt and is deeply tied to a monastic tradition of spiritual growth and preparation for ministry of monks and nuns, a tradition that continues to thrive.». — ISBN 9780815631446.
  32. Ajami, Fouad. The Syrian Rebellion. — Hoover Press, 2012-05-30. — P. 70. — «The Maronite Church is a national church. Its creed is attachment to Lebanon and its independence. The founding ethos of the Maronites is their migration from the Syrian plains to the freedom and “purity” of their home in Mount Lebanon.». — ISBN 9780817915063.
  33. Barth, Ethnics, ed. Braun, transl. Bromiley, New York, 1981, p. 305.

Википедия, чтение, книга, библиотека, поиск, нажмите, истории, книги, статьи, wikipedia, учить, информация, история, скачать, скачать бесплатно, mp3, видео, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, картинка, музыка, песня, фильм, игра, игры, мобильный, телефон, Android, iOS, apple, мобильный телефон, Samsung, iphone, xiomi, xiaomi, redmi, honor, oppo, nokia, sonya, mi, ПК, web, Сеть, компьютер, Информация о Национальная церковь, Что такое Национальная церковь? Что означает Национальная церковь?

Etu statyu predlagaetsya udalit Poyasnenie prichin i sootvetstvuyushee obsuzhdenie vy mozhete najti na stranice Vikipediya K udaleniyu 19 dekabrya 2020 Poka process obsuzhdeniya ne zavershyon statyu mozhno popytatsya uluchshit odnako sleduet vozderzhivatsya ot pereimenovanij ili nemotivirovannogo udaleniya soderzhaniya podrobnee sm rukovodstvo k dalnejshemu dejstviyu Ne snimajte pometku o vystavlenii na udalenie do podvedeniya itoga obsuzhdeniya Poslednee izmenenie sdelano uchastnikom MBHbot vklad zhurnaly v 11 15 1 aprelya 2025 UTC okolo 103 dnej nazad Administratoram i podvodyashim itogi ssylki syuda istoriya zhurnaly udalit Nacionalnaya cerkov eto hristianskaya cerkov svyazannaya s opredelyonnoj etnicheskoj gruppoj ili nacionalnym gosudarstvom Ideya poyavleniya podobnoj cerkvi osobo obsuzhdalas v XIX veke vo vremya zarozhdeniya sovremennogo nacionalizma Semyuel Tejlor Kolridzh v svoyom chernovike posvyashyonnom voprosu cerkvi i gosudarstva v 1828 godu pisal chto Nacionalnaya cerkov mogla sushestvovat i sushestvovala bez hristianstva potomu chto do uchrezhdeniya Hristianskoj cerkvi kak Levitskoj cerkvi v Evrejskoj konstitucii i druidov v keltskoj bylo dostatochno dokazatelstv Dzhon Vordsvort episkop Solsberijskij pisal o Nacionalnoj cerkvi Shvecii v 1911 godu nazyvaya shvedskuyu cerkov i Anglikanskuyu cerkov kak nacionalnye cerkvi shvedskogo i anglijskogo narodov sootvetstvenno On opisyvaet razvitie presviterianstva v Anglii XVI veka ot statusa blagochestivogo menshinstva kotoroe bylo okruzheno korrumpirovannoj ili vrazhdebnoj massoj naseleniya k podlinnoj nacionalnoj cerkvi Koncepciya nacionalnoj cerkvi ostaetsya osnovnoj v protestantizme Anglii i v chastnosti Skandinavii Hotya v obstanovke Anglii nacionalnaya cerkov ostaetsya obshim znamenatelem dlya Anglikanskoj cerkvi nekotorye iz lyuteranskih narodnyh cerkvej Skandinavii oharakterizovannye kak nacionalnye cerkvi v etnicheskom smysle v otlichie ot idei gosudarstvennoj cerkvi kotoraya voznikla vo vtoroj polovine XIX veka po iniciative Grundtviga Odnako v stranah v kotoryh v gosudarstvennuyu cerkov takzhe izvestnuyu kak oficialnaya cerkov veruyut bolshinstvo grazhdan gosudarstvennaya cerkov takzhe mozhet yavlyatsya Nacionalnoj cerkovyu i mozhet byt obyavlena takovoj pravitelstvom naprimer Cerkov Danii Cerkov Grecii i Cerkov Islandii Strany i regiony gde rasprostranena nacionalnaya cerkov Strana Nacionalnaya cerkov Veroispovedanie Armeniya Armyanskaya apostolskaya cerkov Pravoslavie 92 5 2017 Bolgariya Bolgarskaya pravoslavnaya cerkov 59 5 2011 Kipr Kiprskaya pravoslavnaya cerkov 89 1 2011 Daniya Cerkov Danii Lyuteranstvo 74 3 2020 Angliya Cerkov Anglii Anglikanstvo 47 0 2008 vklyuchaya Uels Estoniya Estonskaya evangelichesko lyuteranskaya cerkov Lyuteranstvo 9 91 2011 Efiopiya Efiopskaya pravoslavnaya cerkov Pravoslavie 43 5 2007 Farerskie o va Cerkov Farerskih ostrovov Lyuteranstvo 79 7 2019 Finlyandiya Evangelichesko lyuteranskaya cerkov Finlyadii Lyuteranstvo 69 83 2018 Gruziya Gruzinskaya pravoslavnaya cerkov 83 4 2014 Germaniya Evangelicheskaya cerkov Germanii Katolicheskaya cerkov Germanii Protestanizm Katolicizm 25 4 2018 27 7 2017 Greciya Elladskaya pravoslavnaya cerkov 90 2017 Islandiya Cerkov Islandii Lyuteranstvo 65 15 2019 Italiya Katolicheskaya cerkov Italii Katolicizm 78 2018 Latviya Evangelichesko lyuteranskaya cerkov Latvii Lyuteranstvo 34 2 2011 Lihtenshtejn Katolicheskaya cerkov Lihtenshtejna Katolicizm 75 9 2010 Severnaya Makedoniya Makedonskaya pravoslavnaya cerkov 64 4 2011 Norvegiya Cerkov Norvegii Lyuteranstvo 69 91 2018 Rumyniya Rumynskaya pravoslavnaya cerkov 81 9 2011 Rossiya Russkaya pravoslavnaya cerkov 71 2017 Shotlandiya Cerkov Shotlandii Kalvinizm 22 2018 Serbiya Serbskaya pravoslavnaya cerkov 84 59 2011 Shveciya Cerkov Shvecii Lyuteranstvo 60 9 2016 Tuvalu Kalvinizm 91 2012 Ukraina Pravoslavnaya cerkov Ukrainy 43 9 2019 Zapadnaya Ukraina Ukrainskaya grekokatolicheskaya cerkov Greko katolicizm 30 9 2016 tolko zapadnaya chast Etnicheskie gruppy Strana Gruppa Nacionalnaya cerkov NominalEgipet Kopty Koptskaya pravoslavnaya cerkov Aleksandrii PravoslavieSiriya Turciya Aramejcy Siro yakovitskaya pravoslavnaya cerkov Drevnevostochnye pravoslavnye cerkviAssiriya Assirijcy Assirijskaya Cerkov Vostoka Cerkov VostokaAssiriya Assirijcy Drevnyaya Cerkov Vostoka Cerkov VostokaAssiriya Assirijcy Haldejskaya katolicheskaya cerkov Vostochnyj KatolicizmSiriya Aramejcy Sirijskaya katolicheskaya cerkov Vostochnyj KatolicizmLivan Maronity Maronitskaya katolicheskaya cerkov Vostochnyj KatolicizmKritikaKarl Bart nazyval ereticheskoj tendenciyu nacionalizacii hristianskogo Boga osobenno v kontekste nacionalnyh cerkvej sankcioniruyushih vojnu protiv drugih hristianskih narodov vo vremya Pervoj mirovoj vojny Smotrite takzheHristianskij nacionalizm Hristianskoe gosudarstvo Grazhdanskaya religiya Episkopalnaya konferenciya Filetizm Rol hristianstva v civilizaciiPrimechaniyaKommentarii and Istochniki Samuel Taylor Coleridge On the Constitution of the Church and State Arhivnaya kopiya ot 2 iyulya 2020 na Wayback Machine Classic Books Company 2001 ISBN 978 0 7426 8368 6 p 59 Arhivnaya kopiya ot 2 iyulya 2020 na Wayback Machine Peter Lake Protestantism and the national church in sixteenth century England Taylor amp Francis 1987 ISBN 9780709916819 ch 8 193ff Dag Thorkildsen Scandinavia Lutheranism and national identity in World Christianities c 1815 1914 vol 8 of The Cambridge history of Christianity eds Sheridan Gilley Brian Stanley Cambridge University Press 2006 ISBN 978 0 521 81456 0 pp 342 358 Shadid W A R Religious Freedom and the Position of Islam in Western Europe Peeters Publishers 1995 01 01 P 11 Denmark has declared the Evangelical Lutheran church to be that national church par 4 of the Constitution which corresponds the fact that 91 5 of the population are registered members of this church This declaration implies that the Danish State does not take a neutral stand in religious matters Nevertheless freedom of religion has been incorporated in the Constitution Nielsen 1992 77 gives a short description of the position of the minority religious communities in comparison to that of the State Church The Lutheran established church is a department of the state Church affairs are government by a central government ministry and clergy are government employees The registration of births deaths and marriages falls under this ministry of church affairs and normally speaking the local Lutheran pastor is also the official registrar The other small religious communities viz Roman Catholics Methodists Baptists and Jews have the constitutional status of recognised communities of faith Contrary to the minority religious communities the Lutheran Church is fully financed by the Danish State ISBN 9789039000656 Enyedi Zsolt Church and State in Contemporary Europe Zsolt Enyedi John T S Madeley Routledge 2004 08 02 P 228 Both as a state church and as a national church the Orthodox Church of Greece has a lot in common with Protestant state churches and even with Catholicism in some countries ISBN 9781135761417 Encyclopedia of Protestantism Infobase Publishing 2005 01 01 P 283 When Iceland obtained home rule in 1874 the new constitution while granting religious freedom maintained the Evangelical Lutheran Church as a national church supported by the State This was reaffirmed in the 1944 constitution of the new independent Republic of Iceland Democratic reforms were adopted early in the 20th century that allowed for some independent decision making in parish councils and let congregations choose their own pastors Under a 1998 law the church became largely autonomous though it is still designated established church supported by government taxes At the end of the 19th century Lutherans who wanted freedom from the state church founded the Evangelical Free Church of Iceland which now has in excess of 7 000 members The majority of Icelanders are members of the state church Almost all children are baptized as Lutheran and more than 90 percent are subsequently confirmed The Church conducts 75 percent of all marriages and 99 percent of all funerals ISBN 9780816069835 Agoston Gabor Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire Gabor Agoston Bruce Alan Masters Infobase Publishing 2009 01 01 P 53 The Armenian Apostolic Church sometimes referred to as the Gregorian Armenian Church by Western scholars serves as the national church of the Armenian people ISBN 9781438110257 Hall Richard C The Modern Balkans A History Reaktion Books 2012 01 01 P 51 While this did not restore the Ohrid patriarchate it did acknowledge the separation between the Orthodox church in Constantinople and the Bulgarian Orthodox church which was now free to develop as the Bulgarian national church ISBN 9781780230061 Venbrux Eric Changing European Death Ways Eric Venbrux Thomas Quartier LIT Verlag Munster September 2013 P 178 Simultaneously the church tax ministers being public servants and the status of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark as the national church indicate that the state lends its support to the church ISBN 9783643900678 Britannicus The Church of England P 17 Having in my last arrive at the great points which I wished to establish the apostolicity independence and authority of the Church of England and that she is necessarily the National Church because Christianity is the National Religion Elvy Peter Opportunities and Limitations in Religious Broadcasting CTPI 1991 P 23 Denominationally Estonia is Lutheran During the time of national independence 1918 1940 80 of the population belonged to the Lutheran National Church about 17 were Orthodox Christians and the rest belonged to Free Churches ISBN 9781870126151 Lorance Cody Ethnographic Chicago P 140 Her findings show that the development of the national church of Ethiopia the Ethiopian Orthodox Church which began in the fourth century and made Christianity the state religion of Ethiopia was also a major contributor to national development in the fields of independence social progress national unity and empowerment literary development arts architecture music publication and declaration of a national language and leadership both spiritually and military ISBN 9780615218625 Proctor James Faroe Islands Bradt Travel Guides 2013 05 13 P 19 Religion is important to the Faroese and 84 of the population belongs to the established national church in the islands the Evangelical Lutheran Foroya Kirkja which has 61 churches in the Faroes and three out of every four marriages are held in one ISBN 9781841624563 Denmark Finland and Sweden Britanncia Educational Publishing 2013 06 01 P 77 One of Finland s national churches is the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland Finnish Suomen Evankelis luterilainen kirkko or simply the Church of Finland ISBN 9781615309955 Melton J Gordon Religions of the World A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices J Gordon Melton Martin Baumann ABC CLIO 2010 09 21 P 1195 The Georgian Orthodox Church GOC is the Eastern Orthodox Christian body that serves as the national church of the Caucasian country of Georgia The great majority of Georgians are members of the church ISBN 9781598842043 Gelder Craig Van The Missional Church and Denominations Wm B Eerdmans Publishing 2008 P 71 Germany s two churches the National Church for the Protestants and the Roman Catholic Church were proper with respect to their polities ISBN 9780802863584 Miller James Edward The United States and the Making of Modern Greece History and Power 1950 1974 Univ of North Carolina Press 2009 P 12 The creation of a national church of Greece which the patriarch reluctantly recognized in 1850 set a pattern for other emerging Balkan states to form national churches independent of Constantinople ISBN 9780807832479 Wilcox Jonathan Iceland Jonathan Wilcox Zawiah Abdul Latif Marshall Cavendish 2006 09 01 P 85 The National Church of Iceland formally called the Evangelical Lutheran Church is the state religion and the president of Iceland is its supreme authority ISBN 9780761420743 Being Christian in Western Europe neopr Pew Research Center 2018 Data obrasheniya 6 yanvarya 2020 Arhivirovano 2 avgusta 2019 goda The Roman Catholic Church is the State Church and as such enjoys the full protection of the State other confessions shall be entitled to practise their creeds and to hold religious services to the extent consistent with morality and public order 1 Arhivirovano 26 marta 2009 goda archived from the original Arhivnaya kopiya ot 26 marta 2009 na Wayback Machine on 2009 03 26 Rae Heather State Identities and the Homogenisation of Peoples Cambridge University Press 2002 08 15 P 278 The creation of a national Church was also central to building national identity with the Macedonian Orthodox Church MOC established in 1967 much to the outrage of the Serbian Orthodox Church ISBN 9780521797085 Cristofori Rinaldo Law and Religion in the 21st Century Relations between States and Religious Communities Rinaldo Cristofori Silvio Ferrari Ashgate Publishing Ltd 2013 02 28 P 194 The State shall support all religious communities including the Church of Norway on an equal footing but the Church of Norway shall remain the people s Church and is as such supported by the State thereby upholding its function as a national Church ISBN 9781409497332 Prizel Ilya National Identity and Foreign Policy Nationalism and Leadership in Poland Russia and Ukraine Cambridge University Press 1998 08 13 P 155 Although nominally a national church the Russian Orthodox Church developed from a defensive nativist institution to the ideological foundation of an imperial idea ISBN 9780521576970 Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe neopr Pew Research Center 10 maya 2017 Data obrasheniya 9 sentyabrya 2017 Arhivirovano 24 fevralya 2018 goda There is no official census of religion in Russia and estimates are based on surveys only In August 2012 ARENA Arhivnaya kopiya ot 16 aprelya 2020 na Wayback Machine determined that about 46 8 of Russians are Christians including Orthodox Catholic Protestant and non denominational which is slightly less than an absolute 50 majority However later that year the Levada Center Arhivnaya kopiya ot 16 oktyabrya 2015 na Wayback Machine determined that 76 of Russians are Christians and in June 2013 the Public Opinion Foundation Arhivnaya kopiya ot 15 aprelya 2020 na Wayback Machine determined that 65 of Russians are Christians These findings are in line with Pew Arhivnaya kopiya ot 10 maya 2020 na Wayback Machine s 2010 survey which determined that 73 3 of Russians are Christians with VTSIOM Arhivnaya kopiya ot 29 sentyabrya 2020 na Wayback Machine s 2010 survey 77 Christian and with Ipsos MORI Arhivnaya kopiya ot 21 oktyabrya 2020 na Wayback Machine s 2011 survey 69 Morton Andrew R God s Will in a Time of Crisis A Colloquium Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Baillie Commission CTPI P 14 In October 1929 the Established Church and the United Free Church were united to form the national Church of Scotland ISBN 9781870126274 Tomasevich Jozo The Chetniks Stanford University Press 1975 01 01 P 176 He also had the support of the Serbian Orthodox Church which as a national church long identified with the national destiny and aspirations of the Serbian people was naturally inclined to identify itself with the movement that had the backing of the king and the Servian dominated government in exile ISBN 9780804708579 Gilley Sheridan The Cambridge History of Christianity Volume 8 World Christianities C 1815 c 1914 Sheridan Gilley Brian Stanley Cambridge University Press P 354 The Church of Sweden could be characterised as national church or folk church but not as state church because the independence of the church was expressed by the establishment of a Church Assembly in 1863 ISBN 9780521814560 West Barbara A Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania Infobase Publishing 2009 01 01 P 845 A second important cultural feature of the Tuvaluan nation is the centrality of the national church the Ekalesia o Tuvalu or Church of Tuvalu in which up to 97 percent of the population claims membership ISBN 9781438119137 Velychenko Stephen National History as Cultural Process A Survey of the Interpretations of Ukraine s Past in Polish Russian and Ukrainian Historical Writing from the Earliest Times to 1914 Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press 1992 01 01 For this reason the Ukrainian Orthodox Church was the true democratic national church of the Ukrainian nation ISBN 9780920862759 Makari Peter E Conflict amp Cooperation Christian Muslim Relations in Contemporary Egypt Syracuse University Press 2007 P 42 The Coptic Orthodox Church is the historic and national church of Egypt and is deeply tied to a monastic tradition of spiritual growth and preparation for ministry of monks and nuns a tradition that continues to thrive ISBN 9780815631446 Ajami Fouad The Syrian Rebellion Hoover Press 2012 05 30 P 70 The Maronite Church is a national church Its creed is attachment to Lebanon and its independence The founding ethos of the Maronites is their migration from the Syrian plains to the freedom and purity of their home in Mount Lebanon ISBN 9780817915063 Barth Ethnics ed Braun transl Bromiley New York 1981 p 305

NiNa.Az

NiNa.Az - Абсолютно бесплатная система, которая делится для вас информацией и контентом 24 часа в сутки.
Взгляните
Закрыто